Paediatric ENT Conditions
Acute Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infections)
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common ear infection that typically affects the middle ear, which is the space behind the eardrum. It is characterised by the sudden onset of symptoms due to bacterial or viral infection causing inflammation and fluid buildup in the middle ear.
AOM often develops as a complication of upper respiratory infections, such as the common cold, which can lead to the blockage of the Eustachian tube. This blockage prevents fluid drainage from the middle ear, creating an environment conducive to bacterial or viral growth.
A primary symptom, especially in children, is ear pain. They may tend to tug at their ears or complain of discomfort. This is often accompanied by fever, especially in bacterial cases. Due to the fluid buildup, children may experience hearing loss. Irritability is particularly common in infants and young children and at times, pus or fluid may drain from the ear if the eardrum ruptures (perforated tympanic membrane).
Diagnosis & Treatment
A clinical examination typically involves looking into the ear with an otoscope to assess the appearance of the eardrum and presence of fluid. Understanding the patient's history of symptoms such as ear pain, fever, and recent respiratory infections is also crucial.
As part of treatment, antibiotics are often prescribed if the infection is bacterial, especially in cases of severe symptoms or in children. In other cases, over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help alleviate ear pain and fever. Occasionally, if symptoms are mild and there is uncertainty about bacterial versus viral causes, a wait-and-see approach may be recommended.
